Cladogram obtained with NONA, apomorphies mapped on branches and branch support values above them. Full circles indicate non-homoplasious changes, homoplasious changes are marked by an asterisk in the following. Apomorphies: 3.1: dorsal ecdysial line absent; 19.1: urogomphi absent (Ripiphoridae); 4.0: lateral cranial area with scale-like sculpture (Pelecotoma + Ptilophorus); 1.1: triungulinid habitus, boat-shaped body; 6.1. antennal insertion posterolaterally; 9.1. meso- and metanotum distinctly widening posteriorly; 12.1. unpaired pretarsal adhesive lobe present; 15.1. abdomen widest in the area of segment 2, then continuously narrowing (Ripiphoridae excl. Pelecotoma + Ptilophorus); 11.0. Claws absent; 17.1. concentration of long setae on abdominal segments present; 18.1. segment X elongate and tube-like (Ripidiini incl. †“Ripilarva”); 10.1. tibiotarsus extremely thin and elongated; 13.1. pretarsal lobe minute (Ripidiini excl. †“Ripilarva”); 5.1*. eyes absent; 8.0*. ctenidia present; 14.0. secondary border between tibia and tarsus visible (“Ripilarva”); 2.2. head triangular and apically pointed (†“Ripilarva” excl. †“Ripilarva” parabolica).