Research Article |
Corresponding author: Sajad H. Parey ( sajadzoo@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Simon Vitecek
© 2023 Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed, Tabraq Ali, Sajad H. Parey.
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Citation:
Hussain Z, Majeed A, Ali T, Parey SH (2023) Recently collected Lepidostoma species (Trichoptera, Lepidostomatidae) from India, with new records. Contributions to Entomology 73(2): 201-208. https://doi.org/10.3897/contrib.entomol.73.e109883
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Two new records of the genus Lepidostoma Rambur are reported from India. These include L. diespiter (Malicky & Sangpradub, 2001) and L. kamba (Mosely, 1939b) collected from Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand in India. With these new additions, the genus Lepidostoma Rambur is represented by 51 valid species from India. Complete redescriptions of these two species with illustrations are also provided. Also, L. sonomax (Mosely, 1939) is reported from Uttarakhand for the first time. Potential threats to these species and other freshwater biota are noted.
Genitalia, northwestern Himalayas, taxonomy, vector graphics
The family Lepidostomatidae was originally described by Ulmer (1903) as a subfamily of Sericostomatidae. In India, this family is represented by three genera, Lepidostoma Rambur, Paraphlegopteryx Ulmer, Zephyropsyche Weaver. These comprise 49 species of Lepidostoma, 15 species of Paraphlegopteryx, and 1 species of Zephyropsyche in the Indian fauna.
Secondary sexual characters of the maxillary palps, antennal scapes, and forewings are highly modified in Lepidostoma. These secondary sexual characters can be used to distinguish closely related species with similar genitalia. Based on wing venation, Weaver (2002) divided the genus Lepidostoma into four branches: L. hirtum branch, L. vernale branch (monophyletic), L. podogram branch, L. ferox branch.
In India, Lepidostoma is represented only by the non-monophyletic L. hirtum and L. ferox branches. Earlier contributions to Lepidostoma in India include 16 species described by
An extensive survey was conducted during 2018–2022 in the northwestern Himalayas of India. During the survey, we used a 15-watt black light tube (BioQuip, Inc) gifted by Dr. Karl M. Kjer to Sajad H. Parey during the XV International Symposium on Trichoptera hosted at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. This light trap was powered by a sealed rechargeable 12-volt battery placed over a white sheet for 1–4 hours beginning at dusk (Fig.
These collected specimens were identified to families based on their morphological characters by using the illustrated key for adults by Saini et al. (2001). To identify the specimens to species, we dissected the genitalia using fine-tipped forceps, macerated them by using the lactic acid method of
Dinarthrum diespiter Malicky & Sangpradub, 2001; 13, figs.
Adult ♂ (Fig.
Lepidostoma diespiter (Malicky & Sangpradub, 2001). A–C. Male genitalia: A. Dorsal; B. Ventral; C. Left lateral. D. Head with scape; E. Forewing; F. Phallic apparatus. AD = apicodorsal process of inferior appendage (paired); AV = apicoventral process of inferior appendage (paired); BDP= Basodorsal process of inferior appendage (paired); BP = two basal processes of antennal scape (paired); IFA = inferior appendage (paired); IX seg. = segment; PA = phallic paramere (paired); PH = phallus; X Seg = segment X.
Genitalia ♂ (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
In the collection of Hans Malicky, Lunz am See, Austria.
India (new record): Himachal Pradesh: Andretta, 32°02'22.2"N, 76°35'16.5"E, 31-v-2022, 962 m, 3♂, Coll. Aquib Majeed, Zahid Hussain, Tabraq Ali, (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K), India.
Thailand, India.
According to Malicky et al. (2000), D. diespiter shows similarities to D. palmipes Ito, 1986 in the morphology of segment X, although the middle cone of segment X (actually the apex of tergum IX) is significantly shorter in D. palmipes. Moreover, D. palmipes possesses bifurcate parameres. D. daidalion Malicky & Prommi, 2000 is even more similar, but it also exhibits a considerably shorter dorsal cone of tergum IX.
Dinarthrum kamba Mosely, 1939b: 338, pl 5 f 1–5.
Adult ♂ (Fig.
Lepidostoma kamba (Mosely, 1939b). A, B. Genitalia: A. Left lateral; B. Dorsal. C. Head with scape; D. Phallic apparatus, lateral; E. Right forewing, dorsal. BP = two basal processes of antennal scape (paired); IFA = inferior appendage (paired); IX seg = segment IX; PA = phallic paramere (paired); PH = phallus; X seg = segment X.
Genitalia (Fig.
Female. Not known.
Stockholm Museum.
India (new record): Uttarakhand: Chamoli, 30°26'35.8"N, 79°19'11.2"E, 13-vi-2022, 5♂, Coll. Tabraq Ali Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed; (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
Burma, India.
Dinarthrum sonomax Mosely, 1939.
(
India: Uttarakhand (new record); Naugoun. 30°47'26.5"N, 78°08'18.2"E 1061 m, 07-vi-2022; ♂ 5; Collectors: Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed, Tabraq Ali, (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
China: Tibet; India: Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand.
Fig.
Dinarthrum inerme McLachlan, 1878: 5–6, figs 1–4, ♂.
India: Jammu & Kashmir: Badusgam, 33°38'24.9"N, 75°13'23.1"E, 15-viii-2-2022, 16♂, 5♀; Verinag, 33°32'10.6"N, 75°14'56.0"E, 16-viii-2-2022 4♂; Chatpal, 33°47'11.5"N, 75°23'20.7"E, 17-viii- 2022, 4♂: Himachal Pradesh: Barrot, 32°00'21.5"N, 76°51'38.8"E, 01-VI-2022, 2♂; Banjar, 31.65132, 77.33472, 02-VI-2022, 3♂, Coll. Tabraq Ali Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed; (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
Mormonia parvula McLachlan, 1875:33, pl. 3 figs. 2–2c, ♂.
India: Jammu & Kashmir: Achabal: 33°41'00.3"N, 75°13'19.3"E, 22-VI-2021, 12♂; Verinag: 33°32'10.6"N, 75°14'56.0"E, 22-VI-2021, 15♂; Coll. Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed, Tabraq Ali; (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
Adinarthrum kurseum Mosely, 1949: 237–238, pl. II figs. 8–12, ♂.
India: Uttarakhand: Kampty fall: 30°29'07.5"N, 78°02'05.1"E, 07-VI-2022, 2♂; Coll. Tabraq Ali Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed; (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
Goerodella tesarum Mosely, 1949: 421–422, pl.12 figs. 152–156, ♂.
India: Jammu & Kashmir: Gabbar, 33°23'52.7"N, 74°38'39.8"E, 23-IX-2020, 2♂, Coll. Tabraq Ali Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed; (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
Dinarthrum nagana Mosely, 1939: 338–339, pl. 6 figs. 1–5, ♂.
India: India: Jammu & Kashmir: Gabbar, 33°23'52.7"N, 74°38'39.8"E, 23-IX-2020, 2♂, Coll. Tabraq Ali Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed; (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
This species has been observed/collected in India after eight decades.
India: Himachal Pradesh: Panchpulla, 32°31'41.6"N, 75°59'24.8"E, 1999 m, 28-v-2022, 2♂, Coll. Tabraq Ali Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed; (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
Adinarthrella brunnea Mosely, 1941: 776, pl 6 f 1–5 (preoccupied in Lepidostoma by Crunoeciella brunnea Ulmer, 1905).
India: Uttarakhand: Chamoli, 30°26'35.8"N, 79°19'11.2"E, 13-VI-2022, 2♂, Coll. Tabraq Ali, Zahid Hussain, Aquib Majeed; (in Museum, Department of Zoology, BGSB University Rajouri (J & K) India.
1. L. ahlae Parey & Saini, 2012
Distribution. India (Himachal Pradesh).
2. L. armatum (Ulmer, 1905)
Distribution. Nepal; India (Assam, Meghalaya).
3. L. assamense (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. Nepal; Bhutan; India (Meghalaya).
4. L. betteni (Martynov, 1936)
Distribution. India (West Bengal, Sikkim,).
5. L. brueckmanni (Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1994)
Distribution. Thailand; India (Assam, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand).
6. L. curvatum Parey & Saini, 2013
Distribution. India (Arunachal Pradesh).
7. L. destructum (Ulmer, 1905)
Distribution. Bhutan; India (West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam).
8. L. digitatum (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. India (Meghalaya).
9. L. diespiter (Malicky & Sangpradub, 2001)
Distribution. Thailand; India: Himachal Pradesh.
10. L. divaricatum (Weaver, 1989)
Distribution. Indonesia; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Manipur).
11. L. dirangense (Saini & Parey, 2011)
Distribution. India (Arunachal Pradesh)
12. L. doligung (Malicky, 1979)
Distribution. Indonesia; China; India (Andaman & Nicobar).
13. L. dubitans (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. India (Meghalaya).
14. L. ferox (McLachlan,1871)
Distribution. India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand).
15. L. fuscatum (Navas,1932)
Distribution. India (Karnataka).
16. L. garhwalense Parey & Saini, 2012
Distribution. India (Uttarakhand).
17. L. heterolepidium (Martynov, 1936)
Distribution. Bhutan; Nepal; India (Uttarakhand, West Bengal).
18. L. himachalicum Saini & Parey, 2011
Distribution. India (Himachal Pradesh).
19. L. inequale (Martynov, 1936)
Distribution. Bhutan; India (Uttarakhand,Tamil Nadu).
20. L. inerme (McLachlan, 1878)
Distribution. China; India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal radesh).
21. L. kamba (Mosely, 1939b)
Distribution. Burma; India: Uttarakhand.
22. L. kashmiricum Saini & Parey, 2011
Distribution. India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, West Bengal).
23. L. kjeri Parey & Pandher, 2019
Distribution. India (Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh).
24. L. khasianum (Mosely, 1949c)
Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu).
25. L. kimsa (Mosely, 1941)
Distribution. India (Sikkim).
26. L. kurseum (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. Nepal; India (Sikkim, Meghalaya, Himachal Pradesh).
27. L. lanca (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. India (Karnataka).
28. L. latum (Martynov, 1936)
Distribution. India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal.
29. L. libitana (Malicky, 2003)
Distribution. Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh).
30. L. liber (Malicky, 2007)
Distribution. Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh).
31. L. lidderwatense Parey, Morse & Pandher, 2016
Distribution. India (Jammu & Kashmir).
32. L. margula (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. India (Jammu & Kashmir).
33. L. mechokaense Parey & Saini, 2013
Distribution. India (Arunachal Pradesh).
34. L. moulmina (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. India (Assam, Meghalaya)
35. L. nagana (Mosely, 1939)
Distribution. India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh).
36. L. nubragangai Dinakaran, 2013
Distribution. India (Tamil Nadu)
37. L. palmipes (Ito, 1986)
Distribution. Nepal; China; India (Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim).
38. L. palnia (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. India (Tamil Nadu)
39. L. parvulum (McLachlan, 1871)
Distribution. Uzbekistan; India (Jammu & Kashmir).
40. L. punjabicum (Martynov, 1936)
Distribution. India: (Himachal Pradesh,Uttarakhand)
41. L. sainii Parey, Morse & Pandher, 2016
Distribution. India (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya).
42. L. serratum (Mosely, 1949c)
Distribution. United States of America (USA); India (Meghalaya, Assam).
43. L. sika (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim).
44. L. simplex (Kimmin, 1964)
Distribution. Nepal; India (Uttarakhand).
45. L. sonomax (Mosely, 1939)
Distribution. Tibet; India (Jammu & Kashmir).
46. L. sonmargae Parey & Saini, 2012
Distribution. India (Jammu & Kashmir).
47. L. steelae (Mosely, 1941)
Distribution. India (Meghalaya).
48. L. tesarum (Mosely, 1949)
Distribution. Bhutan (Malicky 2007); India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand).
49. L. trilobatum Parey, Morse & Pandher, 2016
Distribution. India (Arunachal Pradesh).
50. L. truncatum Parey & Saini, 2012
Distribution. India (Himachal Pradesh).
51. L. ylesomi (Weaver, 1941)
Distribution. Nepal; India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir).
During the survey, (Fig.
The streams and water bodies from where the other species specimens were investigated and documented previously (Saini et al. 2011; Parey et al. 2012, 2013,
We thank Dr. Karl Kjer for the ultraviolet light used in this research. The corresponding author is thankful to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India for providing a financial grant vide sanction order no. CRG/2020/001494 Dated 1-12-2020 and providing travel grant under ITS (International Travel Support) scheme with file no. ITS/2022/001567 dated 27 July 2022, to attend the XVII International Symposia on Trichoptera at Lunz am See, Austria. Thanks to Dr. Simon Vitecek for providing best possible facilities to the corresponding author at Lunz Amm See, Austria. Thank you, Dr. John C. Morse, for the comments that improved this manuscript. We also thank anonymous reviewers for critically reading this manuscript.